化石文明——漳县金钟“漳河源头化石村”纪实-欧洲杯外围平台

in western qinling mountains, towering peaks of the foot, there is an old little-known village, zhangxian admiralty kernel ditch. water from high mountains, deep cloud road passes, since ancient times, if the wuling taoyuan, is well-known in the world. the village still has a lot of ancient qiang and tibetan folk cultural relics, the name of the village is the first example.

 

二十多年前，当一条通往卓尼的简易公路修到村口时，山村与外界的联系明显通达了。在改革中获得了许多自由的农民开始走出山村，认识外部世界，逐渐知晓了不少祖辈们闻所未闻的新鲜事。然而，一种出自本地大山深处的事物却让他们大为惊奇和懵然。四十余岁、粗通文黑的张世杰、张俊杰（堂兄弟）首先对此产生了兴趣，常常钻进深山探宝——挖取那些嵌藏在山岩断层中的看是松柏树干面触之又坚硬冰冷的石头，一块一块的背回来。他们不知其名，亦不知有何用处，但直觉告诉他们，这非木非石的东西也许是一种颇有来历和讲究的宝物？后来，他们的下辈中有的念中学了，甚至当干部了，加上那位在本村算知识渊博的石珠明老师，使大家终于知道了他们的名字叫“化石”，是那生长在地老天荒的遥远岁月里的大树沉埋地下而渐渐变成了石头。

more than 20 years ago, when a simple to zhuoni road repair to the village, the village with the outside contact was accessibility. in the reform, many free peasants began to go out of the mountain villages, understand the outside world, and gradually know the new things that many grandfathers had not heard of. however, from a local deep in the mountains of things to their great surprise and mengran. a forty year old, the black zhang shijie, zhang junjie (first cousins) is interested in this, often got into the mountains to dig treasure -- those hidden in the rocks in the fault block is pine trunk surface touch and hard stone, a piece of the back. they do not know its name, also do not know what, but intuition told them that this non wood stone things may be a treasure and pay attention to the origin of a? later, their offspring in some high school, even when the cadres, and that in the village is the most knowledgeable shizhuming teacher, so that we finally know their name "fossil", is the growth in the tree in the distant past the end of life buried underground and gradually turned to stone.

化石就是化石吧。反正再派不上大用场，于是，或置于桌案，或立于院中，或堆放屋角，或砌在墙内，甚至垒成猪圈，无论如何，总是另有那么一种情趣。日子一久，一家学一家，都把寻挖化石当成了业余雅兴。后来，在另外一些山涧中他们又采到了许多条纹粗细不等密集排列如针状、蜂窝状的石头以及象各种不知名的虫子嵌爬于其上的石头，识者说这些也是化石，是远古海底动物的尸体所变。还有一些彩色斑烂的、玲龙如玉的（人们称之为“金钟玉）。于是，村人们的化石群中又增添了不少新品种，可谓五彩缤纷，琳琅满目。

the fossils are fossils. anyway, will not come in handy, then, or placed on the table, or in the hospital, or piled up the corner of the room, or brick in the wall, even leicheng sty, in any case, otherwise it is always a delight. a long time, a school of a home, to find a part-time masaoki dig fossil. later, in addition to some mountain they collected a lot of stripe thickness ranging from a dense array such as acicular, honeycomb stone as well as a variety of unknown worms climbing on the stone block, know that these are fossils, ancient sea animal carcasses are changed. there are some color spots, such as the jade dragon ling (known as jin zhongyu). as a result, the village's fossilized group added a lot of new varieties, can be described as colorful and dazzling.

 

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科学研究表明，我们的地球母亲至少已有四五十亿岁的年龄。地质学家将有岩石资料可供研究的近二十亿年间地球的地质演变历史分成五个“代”，二十七个“纪”，其中“新生代”三个纪又分为七个“世”。如此漫长的地质史都写在不同时期形成的岩石上。而生物化石又是书写地质史的重要“文字”，这些“文字”一般人读不懂，且很少集中暴露于地表。纳仁沟人却有幸拜读这似乎有意揭开的“史书”一角，目睹手摸这深奥而神秘的书页，你能说这不是大自然对他们的特殊恩赐？

scientific research shows that our mother earth at least four or five years of age. geologists will have rock data to study for nearly two billion years. the geological evolution history of the earth can be divided into five generations and twenty-seven periods. the most recent "cenozoic" three periods are divided into seven "worlds". such a long geological history is written on rock formed at different times. and biological fossils are important "characters" in the history of writing geology. these "words" are generally not understood, and are rarely exposed to the surface. the kernel is lucky enough to read a groove angle of the opened seem interested in history, witnessed the profound and mysterious touch the pages, you can say that this is not the nature of their special gifts?

 

地球上的生物出现和进化繁衍于距今五亿至十一亿年的元古代。到了距今近二亿至五亿年的古生代，生物在地球上已非常丰富而且繁盛。那时的动物主要是腕足类、珊瑚类、软体类等，尤其是海洋中，到处都是树状的、蜂窝状的和针状的珊瑚。古生代的石炭纪大量出现了鳞木，年代一久，大量堆积在海水中及低洼处的鳞木生成了今日丰富的煤田，有的则成了化石。

the biological appearance and evolution of the earth are proterozoic from five hundred million to one billion and one hundred million years ago. in the paleozoic, which was nearly two hundred million to five hundred million years ago, the organisms were very rich and prosperous on the earth. when the animal is mainly brachiopods, corals, molluscs, especially in the ocean, everywhere is the tree, honeycomb and needle like coral. the late paleozoic carboniferous appeared in a large number of lepidodendron, during a long, large accumulation in seawater and low-lying lepidodendron generated rich coal today, some fossilized.

 

在距今七千万年至近二亿年的中生代，前期二叠纪、三叠纪中，动物世界繁盛的是软体动物中的头足类（菊石、箭石）。到侏罗纪之后则是巨大的爬行动物恐龙主宰陆地。植物主要是苏铁科和松柏科，茂密的松林布满高山峡谷。须知，就在生物世界日益繁盛的同时，地球表面却并不平静，不断发生着剧烈的地壳运动（称为“造山运动”），地壳断裂、折皱，形成高山峻岭，岩桨伴随火山暴发喷出地面，高山隆起后又被夷平，陆地原野又逐渐沉入海底，海洋退出后又抬升为陆地……，如此反复沉降与抬升，真可谓沧海桑田，天地翻覆。

in seventy million years ago to nearly two hundred million years of early permian and triassic mesozoic, in the animal world, the most prosperous cephalopods in animal software (ammonoids, belemnites). after the jurassic, the great reptile dinosaurs dominated the land. the plants are mainly cycads and pine and cypress, and the dense pine forest is full of high mountain canyons. notice, in the biological world increasingly prosperous at the same time, the surface of the earth is not calm, continue to occur with intense crustal movement (called "orogeny"), crustal fracture, wrinkle formation, with the outbreak of volcano magmatic lofty mountains and steep hills, rising to the surface, and then flattened mountain uplift, land and wilderness gradually sink into the sea, the sea after the exit and uplift of the land...... so again, subsidence and uplift, it is great, the world.

 

那些各色各样的珊瑚石、软体动物化石是早在两三亿年前的古生代就生活在海洋中的生物。那时，如今的中国大部分都在海底。志留纪和泥盆纪初期的“加里东造山运动”又使大陆抬升，我国北方隆起为陆地，而在石炭纪末期，陆地又一次沉入海底。直至中生代二叠纪，海洋再次退出中国北部。以后一直是大陆缓慢上升，今日的几大洲轮廓在新生代第三纪基本成型。据此，我们可以解读出纳仁沟人发现的动物化石是两三亿年前海底动物的遗骸，在强大的压力下埋入岩层中逐渐变成的。这些化石在以后大陆缓慢抬升的过程中，犹如乘电梯一样逐渐上升，终于出现在金钟一带海拔3000米左右的群山之间。至于他们发现的松木化石则是距今一亿二千万到一亿五千万年的中生代陆地上茂密的松柏森林在强烈在地壳运动中被埋入岩石层下而形成的。相比于那些珊瑚和软体动物，几乎晚了近一亿年！是后来发生在新生代第三纪末期剧烈的“阿尔卑

the diversiform coral animal fossils, the software is as early as two hundred million or three hundred million years ago, the paleozoic living in the ocean. at that time, most of today's china was on the seabed. the caledonian orogeny in the silurian and early devonian increased the continents, and the uplift of the northern china was the land. at the end of the carboniferous, the land sank again to the bottom of the sea.  until the permian in the mesozoic, the ocean was again withdrawn from the northern part of china. it has been a slow rise in the continent, and the outline of several continents today is basically formed in the third period of the cenozoic era. accordingly, we can understand that the earliest animal fossils discovered by the ren ren gou were the remains of the animals under sea pressure, which gradually became a strong force under the pressure two hundred million or three hundred million years ago. these fossils gradually increased in the process of slow uplift in the later continents, like elevators, and finally appeared in the mountains between 3000 meters above sea level. as for their earliest discovery, pine wood fossils are one hundred and twenty million to one hundred and fifty million years ago, and the dense conifers of mesozoic land were formed under the strong strata movement. compared to those coral and mollusks, it's nearly one hundred million years late! it was later in the late cenozoic era of the third period of the violent "alps"